Gabriels Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce Essay -- Joyce Dead Es

Gabriel's Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people in society feel alienated from the world and separated from their fellow man while others may try to find meaning where none exists.   In James Joyce's "The Dead," Gabriel Conroy faces these problems and questions his own identity due to a series of internal attacks and external factors that lead him to an epiphany about his relation to the world; this epiphany grants him a new beginning.   The progression in Gabriel from one who feels disconnected to one who has hope parallels Joyce's changing view of Ireland from finding it to be a place of inaction to one where again hope and beauty thrive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In "The Dead" Gabriel Conroy and his wife attend a party thrown annually by two of Gabriel ¹s aunts.   The set of external circumstances at this party focuses attention on the futility and meaninglessness of Gabriel ¹s life.   The conversation at the party is mostly about people who have died and how they seemed to have been forgotten by the party guests (Magalaner 223).   This subject affects Gabriel, making him consider how his accomplishments will survive his own demise.   The definitive lack of anything meaningful in the discussion at the party also disturbs Gabriel.   Joyce demonstrates the "failure of politics, religion, and art to provide any meaningful outlet for the impulses that glimmer through the party" (Werner, 58).   Even the man playing the piano is producing "pretentious sound without substance" (Walzl 236).   Gabriel ¹s surrounding environment forces him to continually attempt to make sense of his own actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his aunts ¹ party, Gabriel also sees his own incapacity for action.   This party happens every year, but instead of viewing it as "traditio... ..., 1988.   23-38. Joyce, James.   "The Dead."   The Norton Anthology of English Literature.   Ed. M. H. Abrams.   New York:   Norton, 1996.   2345-2373.    Magalaner, Marvin, and Richard M. Kain.   Joyce:   The Man, the Word, the Reputation.   1956. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   216-224.    Tate, Allen.   "Three Commentaries:   Poe, James, and Joyce."   The Sawnee Review Vol LVIII (1950):   1-15. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   203-204.    Walzl, Florence L.   "Gabriel and Michael:   The conclusion of ?The Dead. ¹"   James Joyce Quarterly Vol 4 (1966):   17-31. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   233-239. Werner, Craig Hansen.   Dubliners:   A Pluralistic World.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1988.   56-72. Gabriel's Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce Essay -- Joyce Dead Es Gabriel's Epiphany in The Dead by James Joyce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people in society feel alienated from the world and separated from their fellow man while others may try to find meaning where none exists.   In James Joyce's "The Dead," Gabriel Conroy faces these problems and questions his own identity due to a series of internal attacks and external factors that lead him to an epiphany about his relation to the world; this epiphany grants him a new beginning.   The progression in Gabriel from one who feels disconnected to one who has hope parallels Joyce's changing view of Ireland from finding it to be a place of inaction to one where again hope and beauty thrive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In "The Dead" Gabriel Conroy and his wife attend a party thrown annually by two of Gabriel ¹s aunts.   The set of external circumstances at this party focuses attention on the futility and meaninglessness of Gabriel ¹s life.   The conversation at the party is mostly about people who have died and how they seemed to have been forgotten by the party guests (Magalaner 223).   This subject affects Gabriel, making him consider how his accomplishments will survive his own demise.   The definitive lack of anything meaningful in the discussion at the party also disturbs Gabriel.   Joyce demonstrates the "failure of politics, religion, and art to provide any meaningful outlet for the impulses that glimmer through the party" (Werner, 58).   Even the man playing the piano is producing "pretentious sound without substance" (Walzl 236).   Gabriel ¹s surrounding environment forces him to continually attempt to make sense of his own actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his aunts ¹ party, Gabriel also sees his own incapacity for action.   This party happens every year, but instead of viewing it as "traditio... ..., 1988.   23-38. Joyce, James.   "The Dead."   The Norton Anthology of English Literature.   Ed. M. H. Abrams.   New York:   Norton, 1996.   2345-2373.    Magalaner, Marvin, and Richard M. Kain.   Joyce:   The Man, the Word, the Reputation.   1956. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   216-224.    Tate, Allen.   "Three Commentaries:   Poe, James, and Joyce."   The Sawnee Review Vol LVIII (1950):   1-15. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   203-204.    Walzl, Florence L.   "Gabriel and Michael:   The conclusion of ?The Dead. ¹"   James Joyce Quarterly Vol 4 (1966):   17-31. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism.   Ed.   Shiela Fitzgerald.   Vol. 3.   Detriot:   Gale, 1989.   233-239. Werner, Craig Hansen.   Dubliners:   A Pluralistic World.   Boston:   Twayne Publishers, 1988.   56-72.

Killology Essay

Do violence in the media and interactive entertainment, such as video games and movies, influence children to have the will to kill? According to Lt. Col. Dave Grossman, an expert on the psychology of killing, both play a big role in child murders. There are several methods to this madness by which people can actually motivate themselves to take another human life, such as, operant conditioning, classical conditioning, brutalization, and role models. These practices are used in the military to train soldiers to kill, just as the media is doing to our children. Monday, December 1st, 1997 began like any other day for the students of Heath High School in Paducah, Kentucky. Student Michael Carneal rode to school with his sister, carrying with him, what he claimed to be, an art project. As his fellow classmates gathered that morning in the lobby of the school, holding a prayer group, he fired eight rounds from a . 22 caliber pistol. Out of those eight rounds he landed five head shots and three upper torso shots, killing three teenagers. Not only did he land all eight shots, but the shots were so precise that elite military and law enforcement agencies were stunned by his expertise. The fact that he had never fired a real gun in his life was something that disturbed authorities even more. Nowhere in the records of military or law enforcement history could the â€Å"equivalent† achievement be found. So what was it that made this young man so violent and deadly at such a young age? (â€Å"The shooting,† 2010, para. 1) It’s one of the methods used by the military to train their soldiers called operant conditioning, a powerful procedure of stimulus-response training techniques that attempt to influence behavior by manipulating reinforcers. They learn to fire at realistic figures that pop up in the field. The stimulus is the target, and the response is, shooting to kill. This procedure is repeated over and over, hundreds of times, until their natural response when someone pops up on the battlefield is to kill. Research has suggested that violent video games played a big role in the choice Michael made that day. He was trained through operant conditioning just as the soldiers are, except his was through violent video games. Following the shooting there was a $130-million law suit filed against the video game manufacturers in that case. This case is said to be working its way through the appeals system of the courts. (Metcalf, Stubblefield, & Ettinger, 2011, p. 152) Violent video games train our children to kill, glorify violence, desensitize them to suffering, and trivialize violence. Every time a child plays an interactive video game, he or she is learning the exact same conditioned reflex skills as a soldier or police officer in training. Kids are playing more and more violent video games that are rated for a mature audience. So, ask yourself this question; how do fourteen year old teenagers obtain video games that are rated â€Å"Mature? † Better yet, why are they allowed by their parents to play the evil, sadistic games? Parents should replace the violent video games with non-violent, stimulating, and educational games; those which enhance knowledge, creativity and imagination. The violent crime rate is at a phenomenally high level, not just in America, but worldwide. According to Interpol, the per capita assault rate increased nearly fivefold in Norway and Greece between the years of 1977 and 1993. In Mexico and Brazil, the numbers are skyrocketing, and in Japan juvenile crime went up by thirty percent in 1997 alone. (Metcalf, Stubblefield, & Ettinger, 2011, p. 150). The virus of violent crime is occurring worldwide, and the explanation for it has to be some new factor that is occurring in all of these countries. There are many factors involved in the action of violent crime, and we must never downplay any of them. There is only one new variable present in each of these nations, and it is that media violence is now being presented as a viable entertainment option for children. Metcalf et al. , 2011, p. 150) Another method used by the Japanese, in World War II, which we also see done with the media, is classical conditioning. This technique is best remembered as Pavlovian conditioning, associating a stimulus with a response according to a specific reinforcement schedule, such as violence linked to pleasure. As Pavlov did with the dog, by associating the bell with food and eventually the dog could not hear the bell without salivating, the media does with the children. How often do we watch the news and learn of something good that has happened in the world? They are always focusing on all of the violence that is going on in the world. Our children see this as well, and they learn to associate death with pleasure. To better understand the role that violence and the media inherit, in the entertainment complex, plays in the increase of murders among the young and impressionable. We must first look at the methods by which killers can be made. Though such a difficult subject cannot be completely explained by these factors alone, it is important to note the contribution each one makes. Throughout the course of human history, it is thought that healthy members of most species have a natural resistance to killing their own kind. However, when human beings are overwhelmed with anger and fear, thought processes become primitive. We slam head-on into that hardwired resistance against killing. One of the methods that shift this natural resistance is what is commonly known as brutalization. Quite similar to a military boot camp, brutalization is a forced shift in values. The subject is made to conform to a new set of rules, abandoning all sense of individuality. They are trained relentlessly in a total immersion environment and the end result is a person who not only embraces the violence and the discipline, but accepts them as normal and an essential survival skill in a new and increasingly brutal world. (Metcalf et al. , 2011, p. 151) A very similar thing is happening to our children through violence in the media. At eighteen months old, a child can begin to understand and mimic what they see on television, and up until the ages of six or seven they are physically, developmentally, and psychologically unable to distinguish the difference between fantasy and reality. When they see an instance of rape, murder or degradation on the television or in the media, to them it is real. Some of them welcome the violence and accept it as a normal and vital survival skill in a cruel, new world. In nations, regions and cities where television is a constant source of entertainment, there is an immediate eruption of playground violence, and within fifteen years, there is a doubling of the murder rate, but why fifteen years? That’s how long it takes for a desensitized toddler to reach their â€Å"prime crime† years. Metcalf et al. , 2011, p. 151) By the time the brutalized toddlers have reached their teenage years, they have developed role models. Today, violence in the media is providing our children with role models. When the images of young killers are broadcast on television, they become role models. The media has every right and responsibility to tell the story, but they have no right to glorify the killers by presenting their images on television. (Grossman, 2000, p. ) The ultimate achievement for our children is to get their picture on television, and with such vulnerable, young minds they are willing to do whatever it takes to achieve that. I say it is time for the world to stop televising such violence and let law enforcement deal with it. If they know who the killer is then why does it have to be broadcast for our children to see? I truly believe that the media is highly responsible for a lot of killings in this world, along with the violent video games, and I pray that one day there will be something done to stop it.

Fire safety of the residential buildings in Hong Kong - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2374 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Building Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Hong Kong Essay Did you like this example? How fit for the purpose of the current regulations on the fire safety of the residential Low-rise buildings in Hong Kong Background Fire safety is an important topic in building because it is directly related to humanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lives. From past to now, the fire safety management and technologies keep improving. For example, every building now will have an escape route plan and some high-rise buildings have a design of refuge floor to manage the fire accident. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fire safety of the residential buildings in Hong Kong" essay for you Create order There are also lots of fire resistant materials invented to use in the building like concrete, Fire-retardanttreatedwood and Calcium silicateboards etc. The purpose of all these improvement is to ensure a better fire safety in the buildings. In Hong Kong, there is a systematic framework to ensure the fire safety in buildings. We have a list of regulations and codes of practices concerning fire safety: -The fire Safety (Buildings) Ordinance -Code of practices for the provision of means of escape in case of fire -Code of practices for means of access for firefighting and rescue -Code of practices for fire resistance construction -Code of Practice for Minimum Fire Service Installations and Equipment -Code of Practice for Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Installations and Equipment Moreover we have fire services department and the building department to enforce the law. However, fire safety is still not good enough in Hong Kong. Fire accidents are not unu sual and lots of fire accidents happened in the old-residential buildings in HK. Take the most recent- 2011 Fa Yuen Street fire accident as an example. The fire broke out at Pai dong area inFa Yuen Street and quickly spread to the near Tong Lau buildings. It killed 9 people, injured 34 and about 118 people became homeless after the fire. It shows that Fire accident in the old Tong Lau can be a disaster. This accident has raised public concern on the fire safety problems on the old low-rise building. In fact, most Tong Lau / old low-rise residential buildings aged more than 40 years. They comply with the past fire safety regulations at which the time the building being built. However, with several changes to the regulations, these old buildings failed to comply with the current fire safety standard. According to the fire Safety (Buildings) Ordinance 2007, all the composite and domestic buildings constructed on or before 1987 have to improve the fire safety to meet the requirements of today, the modern standards. For example, the automatic sprinkler systems are not required in the past but it becomes a must today. In the past three years, Hong Kong government seriously looked into problems of the fire safety performance in the old low-rise residential buildings. At the end of February 2013, around 6 000 out of the 9 000 old composite buildings in Hong Kong were inspected by the building department and the fire services department. Over 100 thousands Fire Safety Directions were issued to the occupiers requesting them to enhance the building fire safety to meet the updated standards. However, among all FS Directions issued, less than a quarter have been complied with. It was found that most of the old buildings have difficulties to comply with the modern fire safety regulations. Some owners and professionals criticize the modern fire safety regulation is too inflexible and not designed to target the old-residential buildings so a large scale of alteration wo rk needed to be done in order to fulfil the strict regulations. Even worst, some regulations are not practical in the real world for instance, installing a water tank in the roof of the buildings is not feasible as some of these old buildings do not have pile foundation so they cannot withstand such an additional loading. No doubt, the alteration work would give a strong financial pressure to the owners. The situation even more severe in the apartment with only one or two unit per floor, small number of flat owner have to share a large sum of construction fee. The question most current residents want to ask is whether they follow straightly the current fire safety regulations to do the alteration and addition works are really the best and efficient way to help their buildings to fight fire. The dissertation is going to answer the above question. It will be focused on the domestic buildings of seven or less storeys, or the domestic buildings aged 40 years or more. An analysis stud y about the fire safety of Low-rise building will be carried out to examine the fire-safety in several aspects including the performance of prevention of fire, the fire control and the protection in the building. In this section, some past fire accidents will be studied. Through this examination, pressure points of fire dangers of the old- residential building will be identified. Then an evaluation on the current regulations will be carried out to see how fit for the purpose of the current regulations on the fire safety of the residential Low-rise buildings based on the examination of the pressure points. The low-rise buildings that have already undergone alteration and addition works and fulfilled the fire safety requirement and the buildings that still not yet fulfilled the fire safety requirement will also be cases studied. Finally I want to give some advices or alternatives for the fire safety construction works in these buildings, telling what must be done urgently and what are alternative ways to fulfill some requirement etc. Aim To analysis how fit for the purpose of the current regulations on the fire safety of the residential Low-rise buildings in Hong Kong Objectives Review on the history/background of the design of the old residential buildings for the fire safety Identify and compare the past and current fire safety regulations concerning the fire safety i.e. any addition, change and deletion Analysis the fire safety performance of the old residential buildings Examine the degree of fitness of these regulations to the the old residential buildings in fire safety Advice on the fire safety construction work Methodology For the objective one and two, a Literature review will be done to find out the historic/background information of these old-buildings. For example, for what purpose they are being built, what is the design concept in that era, how is the fire safety being ensured in the past etc.? A large amount of information will be needed to understand the design of the old building, the scientific rational in the material used and the standards for fire safety in the past. Then, time factor is also taken into account. Through literature review, I would find out what is the impact of depreciation to the fire safety including the performance of concrete, the wood doors, the fire-resisting oil overtime and the relationship between structural frame and the fire etc. Moreover, some literature materials produced by the Hong Kong institute of Surveyors concerning on the fire-safety regulations will be helpful for me to identify the past and current fire safety regulations. To furthe r compare the current and past regulations concerning the fire safety i.e. any addition, change and deletion, I need to study all the regulations concerning fire safety. I also need an interview with the professional surveyors and architects to get their opinion to support my comparison. For objective three, I have to analysis and examine the fire safety performance of these buildings. I designed to construct a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fire safety level indexà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which can be used to grade the safety performance of the old low-rise residential buildings. Fire safety can be viewed as ability of prevention of fire and performance in case there is a fire. The framework of index will be built based on real data and assumption: First, real case analysis on the past fire accidents to analysis their floor plans, the reasons of starting of fire, the spread of fire and the performance of escape and then identify the corresponding common weaknesses of these old buildings like the rout e of escape, the number of staircases, doors and the performance of insulating wall etc. Second, I will assume if there is a fire in some sample buildings, and do different models to represent different ways of starting of fire. Then, assess the performance of fire safety similarly to the above case study and identify the weakness, strength and the pressure points. In addition, I will interview the fireman, building services engineers and building surveyors to further assess the importance and role of every fire safety element. After all, all attributes in building related to fire safety will be categorized and given a weighting, say fire sprinkling system is very important and has multiplier 5 and the fireman lift is minor so it has a multiplier 1 only. For objective four, the degree of fitness of fire-safety regulations to the the old residential buildings in fire safety will be examined. In this part, the relationship between the fire safety regulations with the fire safety performance discussed above, concerns of construction work with time, money and feasibility. For example, if the fire sprinkler is proved in the fire safety index to be very crucial in the old-residential buildings. On the other hand, the fire safety regulations have stated the old-building has to install the sprinkler system. We can say this current ordinance fits the purpose of fire safety in old-residential building in theory. Then, it comes to consider the construction work with time, money and feasibility factors in reality. If that sprinkler is not practical at most cases due to the water tank loading problems or the incredibly high money/time cost, this current ordinance can be deems as not fitting the purpose of fire safety in old-residential building. The methods I used to draw this kind of conclusion are case analysis and interview the professional. There are over 3000 cases of alteration work done by old-residential building to comply with current fire-safety re gulations. I could make use of their cases, to collect their alteration work financial report, construction work checklist and interview the ownersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ corporations. There are also some project going to begin and I will do the site visit and access their fire safety performance by using my à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fire safety level indexà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and compare the before and after. Interview will also be carried out in the buildings that refuse to comply with the Fire Safety Directions issued to find out their difficulties in complying with the current fire safety regulation. For objective five, based on the findings of importance of different elements in fire safety, the result of fitness of regulations and the case example studied, I think I can give advices on the fire safety construction work. The advices will be supported by interviewing the professionals. Brief Literature Review What is fire safety? Stollard and Abrahamsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1999) gave an idea on it. The above diagram represents the fire tactics. There are five elements in fire safety in a building. First, prevention is always the fundamental element. A building should be design for a purpose and restrict the people for doing something so as to minimize the chance of fire accidents. However, if the prevention failed, it comes to the communication which is the fire alarm and smoke detector so as to allow all the users to notice the fire. Then, the fire could be extinguished successfully or otherwise become a disaster. People will escape when notice the fire and the staircases, the doors and the corridors all become a main factor to allow people escape efficiently or not. Containment is also an important part in fire safety, it concerns with how the fire being control. If the buildings have lots of fire-resisting wall and sprinkler system, the fire would not spread at fast rate. We can see all part in the building corporate to ensure fire safety. The code of pract ice of fire safety in HK 2011 stated the objective of fire safety. Fire safety provisions should be provided for both life safety and property protection. It includes protecting the life of occupants, minimizing the spread of fire, preventing the building collapse and helping firefighting and rescue action. Research programme 2014/6 -Literature review to find out the historic/background information of old-buildings -Literature review on impact of depreciation to the fire safety -Literature on materials produced by the Hong Kong institute of Surveyors concerning on the fire-safety regulations 2014/7 -Study of all fire safety regulations -Literature on materials produced by the Hong Kong institute of Surveyors concerning on the fire-safety regulations 2014/8 -Interview with the professional surveyors and architects on the fire-safety regulations (From my summer intern à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" BS firm) -Research on the old-residential buildings in Hong Kong (Which have complied with the current regulation, which havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t?) 2014/9 -Construct the Fire Safety Level Index -Fire accidents case study -Interview the fireman, building services engineers and building surveyors to further assess the importance and role of every fire safety element. -Choose some buildings which can be representative of the old low rise residential buildings 2014/10 -Construct the Fire Safety Level Index -Fire accidents modeling building and analysis -Interview the representative buildings that planning to do alteration 2014/11 -Interview the representative buildings that undergone alteration -Interview the representative buildings that do not undergo alteration -Follow up the representative buildings that planning to do alteration 2014/12 -Interview the representative buildings that do not undergo alteration -Follow up the representative buildings that planning to do alteration -Financial rep ort, construction work report analysis 2015/1 -Interview the representative buildings that do not undergo alteration -Follow up the representative buildings that planning to do alteration -Financial report, construction work report analysis -Interviewing the professionals to get the construction advices 2015/2 -Follow up the representative buildings that planning to do alteration -Financial report, construction work report analysis -Interviewing the professionals to get the construction advices 2015/3 -Amendment and correction 2015/4 -Amendment and correction Reference Abrahams, J. and Stollard, P. (1999) Fire from First Principles: A Design Guide to Building Fire Safety, 3rd edition. London: EFN Spon. Buildings Department (2011) Code of Practice for Fire Safety in Buildings: HKSAR. LCQ5: Fire safety of old buildingson 2013/03/20 https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201303/20/P201303200373.htm Article on 2013/09/11 fire safety directions https://hk.centanet.com/home/ColumnArticle.aspx?id=50325 Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors Pre-qualification Structural Learning https://www.hkis.org.hk/hkis/general/events/cpd-2012065B.pdf News om 2014/01/23- ÃÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒÆ' ©Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ ²ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ±Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ µÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢- ÃÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚  ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¨Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ÃÆ' ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¥-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ÃƒÆ' ©Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ ²ÃƒÆ' §Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ «ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ -ÃÆ' ©Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ » https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20140123/00196_001.html News om 2014/01/27- ÃÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¶Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒÆ' ©Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“ ²ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ÃƒÆ' ©Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ºÃƒâ€šÃ‚ £ÃƒÆ' ¨Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚  ÃƒÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¨Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ÃÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¥Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­ÃƒÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¸Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ » https://orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20140127/00196_001.ht ml.